What is Neuro Infection?

 


Neuroinfection or neurological infection occurs when a virus, bacteria, parasite, fungus, or prion attack the brain and/or spinal cord, the effects of which can range from mild illness to serious impairment and even death. Infection of the nervous system can involve the brain “encephalitis”, the meninges covering the brain “meningitis”, or both. Another type of neuroinfection is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and has a devastating effect on the body’s immune system as well as the brain. Different pathogens may invade the body and infect various organs, including the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinfections occur when these pathogens enter the CNS. Bacterial neuroinfections are commonly secondary to naso-pharyngeal or inner-ear infections. Symptoms of neuroinfection may be similar to flulike illness, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Diagnostic procedures include obtaining patient’s history, neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood tests, and brain imaging.The most common neurological infections are:

·         Encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain, which can be caused by either bacteria or virus

·         Meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, which can be caused by either bacteria or virus

·         HIV, a viral infection that causes AIDS and gradually destroys the body’s immune system


Several infections can affect the nervous system. Infections caused by bacteria or viruses are usually treated by doctors trained in infectious diseases.

Hepatitis C: A viral infection that causes liver inflammation, often leading to chronic liver diseaseHTLV-I/II (human T-lymphotropic viruses, type I and type II): A progressive          disease, also known as HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), that affects the spinal cord, leading to difficulty walking, pain and stiffnessMeningitis: Inflammation in the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, typically caused by a bacterial or viral infectionNeurosarcoidosis: Chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord and certain nervesProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: A chronic disease that attacks myelin, the substance that covers the brain’s nerve cellsTransverse myelitis: Inflammation in the spinal cord leading to muscle weakness, tingling and bladder or bowel dysfunction


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